Mining - Introduction - N G Nair Malanjkhand India.

 Rahul Nair software Engnineer in Copper Mines in India.

Mining

 INTRODUCTION        Mining, in its broadest sense, the process of obtaining useful minerals from the earth’s crust. The process includes excavations in underground mines and surface excavations in open-pit, or opencut (strip) mines. In addition, recent technological developments may soon make economically feasible the mining of metallic ores from the seafloor. Mining normally means an operation that involves the physical removal of rock and earth. A number of substances, notably natural gas, petroleum, and some sulfur, are produced by methods (primarily drilling) that are not classified as mining. See Gases, Fuel; Petroleum; Sulfur. See also separate articles on the minerals mentioned in this article. A mineral is generally defined as any naturally occurring substance of definite chemical composition and consistent physical properties. An ore is a mineral or combination of minerals from which a useful substance, such as a metal, can be extracted and marketed at a price that will recover the costs of mining and processing and yield a profit. The naturally occurring substances are usually divided into metalliferous ores, such as the ores of gold, iron, copper, lead, zinc, tin, and manganese, and nonmetalliferous minerals, such as coal, quartz, bauxite, trona, borax, asbestos, talc, feldspar, and phosphate rock. Building and ornamental stones, which form a separate group, include slate, marble, limestone, traprock, travertine, and granite. Most minerals are found in veins, or tabular-shaped deposits of nonsedimentary origin, often dipping at high angles; in beds, or seams, which are tabular deposits conforming to the stratification of enclosing rocks; and as masses, or large ore bodies of irregular shape standing at any angle. Gold, diamonds, tin, and platinum are often found in placers, or deposits of sand and gravel containing particles of the mineral. II                       MINING OPERATIONS          

Mining operations generally progress through four stages: (1) prospecting, or the search for mineral deposits; (2) exploration, or the work involved in assessing the size, shape, location, and economic value of the deposit; (3) development, or the work of preparing access to the deposit so that the minerals can be extracted from it; and (4) exploitation, the work of extracting the minerals.

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MALANJKHAND PHOTO, BY N G NAIR, MALANJKHAND COPPER PROJECThttp://nair-1.blogspot.com/KHETRICOPPER COMPLEX & MALANJKHAND COPPER PROJECThttp://malanjkhand.blogspot.com/N G NAIR MALANJKHANDhttp://nair-mining.blogspot.com/KHETRI COPPER MINES, KHETRINAGAR, RASTHAN, INDIAhttp://ngnair.blogspot.com/LEKSHMINIVAS HOUSE, THOTTAKOM, VAIKOM, KOTTAYAM DIST. KERALA, INDIAhttp://thottakom.blogspot.com/THOTTAKOM TEMPLE, VAIKOM, KOTTAYAM DIST. KERALA STATE, INDIAhttp://nair2.blogspot.com/KHETRI NAGAR, JHUNJHUNU DIST. RAJASTHAN INDIAhttp://nair3.blogspot.com/WE ARE CELEBRATING SILVER JHUILEEhttp://nair4.blogspot.com/HINDUSTAN  COPPER LIMITDhttp://nair5.blogspot.com/KERALA TEMPLE, INDIAhttp://nair6.blogspot.com/N G NAIR, RAHUL NAIR, SARLA NAIR TEMPLEhttp://www.geocities.com/hrdngnair/nair1.html N G NAIR

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